Basic Legal Vocabulary
The typography uses a difference in the size of the letters to indicate which syllable of the word is stressed. Illustrative sentences are put in italics.
tenant
n. A person to whom a landlord grants temporary and exclusive use of land or a part of a building, usually in exchange for rent. The contract for this type of legal arrangement is called a lease.
A New York Housing Court judge has granted an East Village tenant rent relief because of an infestation of bedbugs.
testify
v. To give evidence under oath as a witness in a court proceeding — see witness
Expert witnesses are used in all types of cases: economists testify on the value of life and limb in wrongful-death cases; physicians identify the mistakes of their colleagues in medical malpractice suits.
testimony n. Evidence presented orally by witnesses during trials, before grand juries, or during administrative proceedings.
John Baugh, an African-American linguist at Stanford University, ...will provide expert testimony to support the claim that people can often identify a speaker's race from speech alone.
theft n. see steal
title
n. The ownership or evidence of ownership of land or other property.
You shouldn't leave your title papers in your car, you're only making a thief's job easier.
tort
n. Tort refers to that body of the law that will allow an injured person to obtain compensation from the person who caused the injury.
The person who commits a tort is called a tortfeasor.
The victim of a tort may have the right to sue for damages to compensate for the harm suffered. Victims of crimes may also sue in tort (in a civil case) for the wrongs done to them.
The landmark case of Donoghue v. Stevenson established the tort of negligence.
trial
n. a trial is the presentation of information in a formal setting, usually a court, with the object of determining whether or not a person (or entity, such as a corporation) has broken a law (a criminal trial) or has committed a civil wrong (a tort) and is liable for damages (a civil trial)
As a trial date approached, she said, she felt pressured by all the parties involved to agree to a settlement, which she did. She would have preferred to go to trial, she said, not because she was looking for a big payday, but because all the details of her case would then have come out publicly.
trial court (U.S.) n. court of first instance where the facts are established
try v. to hear a civil or criminal trial
The court is not competent to try the case.
The accused will be tried in the Crown Court next month.
tribunal
n. CAREFUL - a false friend - a specialist court outside the regular judicial system — see court
How many people have been convicted so far by the Rwanda tribunal?
In England, industrial tribunals decide disputes between employers and employees. They have powers to hear unfair dismissal, discrimination and other cases in relation to statutory employment rights as well as some breach of contract actions. An industrial tribunal usually consists of three people - a lawyer (the chairman), one individual nominated by an employer association and another by a union.